Main Human Features of tthe Prophet Adam Accordıng to Ibn Arabī
Sufi thought contains the most original answer of Islamic thinking to the question as “What’s human?” As one of the outstanding-figures of sufi thought, Ibn Arabī’s insight on human in a systematical manner doesn’t differentiate from his insight on being. He doesn’t consider Adam who is the ancestor of human, as a sinner in general, rather, he generally considers him as the first pattern of insān-ı kāmil, i.e., the universal man [or the perfect man]. In this framework, he reflects the characteristics of Adam in three main concepts, which is connected tightly to each other: The universal aggregation (jam‘iyyah), which expresses all the aggregation and the reflection of the divine names and the attributes to the universe; the inner situation or obstruction (barzahiyyah), which states that human being’s nature and its oppositions as well as his situation in the universe, and his knowledge; and lastly, the divine caliphate (hilāfah), which states the requires of this situation to act according to these principals. One of the most important characteristics of Ibn Arabī’s insight, which has to be not ignored, tight interrelationhips between his thought of being and the values, especially the moral values. Keywords The Prophet Adam, the universal man/the perfect man (insān-ı kāmil), human (insān), man (bashar), the universal aggregation (jam‘iyyah), the inner situation or obstruction (barzahiyyah), the divine caliphate (hilāfah), two divine hands (yedān), the human aptitude (isti‘dâd), the divine caliph (halīfah), spirit (rūh), self (nafs), reason (‘aql), heart (qalb).
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